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RGUHS Nat. J. Pub. Heal. Sci Vol: 14  Issue: 2 eISSN:  pISSN

Review Article

Environmental contributors to hypospadias: a review of evidence

Nerli RB1 , Hiremath MB 2

1 Department, Urology, KLES Kidney Foundation, KLE University's JN Medical College, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Belgaum, Karnataka

2 PG Department of Studies in Biotechnology & Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka

Corresponding author:

Dr R B Nerli Department, Urology, KLES Kidney Foundation, KLE University's JN Medical College, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Belgaum 590 010, Karnataka

Year: 2014, Volume: 4, Issue: 4, Page no. 210-213,
Views: 454, Downloads: 0
Licensing Information:
CC BY NC 4.0 ICON
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.
Abstract

This review evaluates current knowledge related to trends in the prevalence of hypospadias, the association of hypospadias with endocrine-disrupting exposures and other environmental factors. Increasing prevalence of hypospadias has been observed, but such increases tend to be localized to specific regions or time periods. Due to limitations of study designs and inconsistent results, firm conclusions cannot be made regarding the association of endocrinedisrupting exposures with hypospadias.

<p>This review evaluates current knowledge related to trends in the prevalence of hypospadias, the association of hypospadias with endocrine-disrupting exposures and other environmental factors. Increasing prevalence of hypospadias has been observed, but such increases tend to be localized to specific regions or time periods. Due to limitations of study designs and inconsistent results, firm conclusions cannot be made regarding the association of endocrinedisrupting exposures with hypospadias.</p>
Keywords
hypospadias; urogenital; environment
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