Background and Objectives: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), encompassing ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina, is primarily driven by coronary artery disease (CAD) and inflammation. Inflammatory markers such as white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) have emerged as potential predictors of adverse outcomes in ACS. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between baseline WBC count and clinical outcomes in ACS patients, with a specific focusspecifically focusing on short-term mortality. Additionally, it examines whether WBC count independently predicts outcomes when considered alongside other biomarkers like CRP. Understanding these associations may enhance risk stratification and improve the management of ACS patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bapuji Hospital and CG General Hospital, Davanagere, from August 2022 to January 2024. It involved 110 patients presenting with chest pain indicative of ACS. Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained from all participants. Each patient underwent ECG, TROP I, CRP, and WBC assessments. ACS cases were categorized into STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina. The study aimed to correlate acute inflammatory markers, specifically CRP and leukocyte counts, with patient comorbidities and mortality outcomes, providing valuable insights into their association with mortality in ACS. Results: Our findings indicate that both baseline leukocyte count and CRP levels are significantly associated with poor outcomes in ACS patients. Elevated WBC count and CRP were found to be statistically significant predictors of short-term mortality, suggesting their potential utility in identifying high-risk patients early in the disease course. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a strong association between baseline WBC count, CRP, and the severity of CAD in patients presenting with ACS. Elevated inflammatory markers are significant predictors of short-term mortality, underscoring the importance of including WBC and CRP assessments in initial ACS evaluations to guide risk stratification and treatment planning.

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe, potentially life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease which is relatively common in India and occurs due to circulating autoantibodies against Desmoglein (Dsg)3. Diagnosis is based on clinical features, histopathology, and immunofluorescence findings (IF). ELISA against Dsg 3 has been developed, which is said to be highly sensitive and specific. There is scarcity of Indian data about the utility of ELISA in patients with PV. Aim: To detect antibodies to Dsg-3 for the diagnosis of Pemphigus vulgaris using ELISA and correlate levels of Desmoglein-3 with ABSIS clinical severity score. Methods: Two serum samples were collected from 27 confirmed patients of PV. Diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology and/or IF. The first sample was taken at diagnosis and the second, at least 6 weeks after instituting therapy. These samples were tested for antibodies against Dsg-3 using semi-quantitative ELISA. Correlation of ELISA results with clinical severity scoring (ABSIS) was done. Results: We found a positive association between the total score and cutaneous ABSIS score with ELISA titres in both the samples. The oral mucosal score, however, showed a positive association in the first set of samples and a negative association in the second set of samples. However, none of these were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Although ELISA for Dsg 3 is a very sensitive tool for initial diagnosis of PV, its' utility in assessing disease activity is limited and the results should be interpreted with caution.

Background: Standard precautions and PEP are proven ways of protecting Healthcare professionals from the risk of acquiring blood-borne infections through occupational exposure. Thus, this study intends to study the Knowledge, attitude, and practice of these among medical interns as they are vulnerable to these risks due to limited experience and clinical exposure. Aims/Objectives:  To assess the knowledge and practice of standard precautions among medical interns  To identify the gap (if any) between knowledge and practice of standard precautions among medical interns.  To assess the knowledge, attitude & practice of PEP guidelines for HIV among medical interns Methodology: Data were collected from 119 interns using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. The collected data was entered and analysed using MS Excel. Results: Among 119 interns,115 (96.64%) knew about hand washing practices, but only 98(82.35%) practised it correctly. 45(37.82%) interns recapped/bent syringes at workplace. 33(27.73%) interns had occupational exposure to HIV risky conditions. 16/24(66.67%) completed PEP for HIV. Conclusions: The study identifies a significant gap between knowledge and practice of standard precautions (SP) among medical interns. Despite having inadequate knowledge and poor practice of SP and PEP guidelines, most interns have a favourable attitude toward PEP. These findings highlight the potential for improvement through training and continuous monitoring of SP and PEP guidelines, offering a hopeful outlook for the future of healthcare practices.

Purpose: To demonstrate the potency and protective effects of Brolucizumab in addressing Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (IPCV) Method: A single case of 79-year-old Indian man is presented. The patient reported a complaint of diminution of vision (DOV), metamorphosis (in the right eye) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) displayed a substantial serous Pigment Epithelial Detachment (PED) measuring 1092 μm and Indocyanine Green (ICG) examination disclosed the identification of IPCV (in the right eye). A treatment plan involving pro re nata (PRN) regimen injections of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug (Brolucizumab 6 mg/0.05 ml) was administered to the IPCV in the right eye. Results: Patient improvement was recorded after one month of the injection. The DOV and OCT exhibited reduction in serous PED dimensions from 1092 μm to 68 μm post first injection. However, a follow-up further after one month revealed resurfacing of serous PED of 423 μm. The patient was advised for a second injection of Brolucizumab. Post one month of second injection, the OCT showed reduction in volume of serous fluid from 423 μm to 77 μm. After subsequent follow ups, the volume of fluid increase in the OCT showed serous PED measurement of 181 μm, followed by which, the patient was advised with a third injection. After the third injection, the serous fluid was found to resolve completely as observed in the OCT. The patient was again advised for a follow-up. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that Brolucizumab at concentration of 6 mg/0.05 ml was found to be effective in resolution of serous PED and repeated administration showed greater fluid resolution in IPCV in long-term treatment duration.

Anaerobic bacteria like Actinomyces odontolyticus & Lactobacillus plantarum are part of normal flora in oral cavity, Gastrointestinal tract, Genitourinary tract. But can be pathogenic in immunocompromised patients and/ or seriously ill patients. Hence, distinguishing an anaerobe as a commensal or a pathogen in a particular sample can be challenging. With complete patient history, four pus samples were received from 3 patients in Robertson's cooked meat (RCM) media. RCM was inoculated on three plates namely Neomycin anaerobic sheep blood agar for anaerobic incubation in a Gas Pack Jar and sheep blood agar for aerobic incubation in a CO2 incubator and aerobically at 37° C. No growth on the aerobically and CO2 incubated plate. Neomycin anaerobic sheep blood agar plates showed growth, confirmed by VITEK-2 along with manual tests, and sensitivity testing was done by the pour plate method using Epsilon meter strips. Four isolates identified. In two cases Actinomyces odontolyticus and rest two cases Lactobacillus plantarum were confirmed. All four isolates were resistant to Metronidazole drug. Since Metronidazole resistance is raising among anaerobic infections, judicious use of this drug is advocated and antibiotic sensitivity testing of anaerobes should be done before starting treatment.

Neonatal teeth, though infrequent, pose unique challenges in clinical management due to their premature eruption. This case report explores the treatment of neonatal teeth associated with Riga fede disease, emphasizing the use of photo-biomodulation therapy to facilitate early healing of associated ulcers, and selective tooth reduction, thus avoiding extraction and minimizing trauma to both infants and parents. Radiographic examination revealed features consistent with neonatal teeth, including partially calcified crowns and shell teeth. Treatment strategies involved a non-invasive approach, including incisal edge smoothening and photo-biomodulation therapy, which demonstrated satisfactory progress with no reported complications during follow-up. This report underscores the potential of photo-biomodulation therapy as a promising adjunction neonatal teeth management, offering a gentle and well-tolerated alternative to traditional extraction methods, thereby enhancing patient comfort and improving overall clinical outcomes.