Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign expansile osteolytic lesion of the jawbone. Previously termed a central giant cell (CGC) reparative granuloma, it is now more accurately classified as a CGC tumor, as it represents a benign neoplasm of osteoclast precursors. Surgery is the standard course of treatment for CGCG. On the other hand, morbidity is linked to surgical care. Conservative treatment modalities, such as interferon alpha therapy, calcitonin therapy, and intralesional corticosteroid injections, can significantly reduce postoperative morbidity however it is important to follow up on these cases for an extended period in order to study the effects and potential recurrence of these cases. Three CGC tumour cases are presented in this case series.

Physicians worldwide wait each year for the publication of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care in Diabetes as it initiates significant transformation in the management of diabetes. The guidelines for 2025 have been published on 9th December 2024. These guidelines have been regarded as an important resource for evidence-based clinical practice. The guidelines significantly influence the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diabetes across diverse groups of individuals worldwide. By integrating the latest advancements in research, therapeutics, and technology, the ADA has provided a succinct, comprehensive roadmap to the management of diabetic patients.

Background: Nitrofurantoin is a preferred choice of antibiotic for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant strains, including cases associated with catheter use. Recently, there has been an emergence of resistance among Enterobacteriaceae (Gram negative bacteria) and this indicates extensively drug resistant (XDR) phenotype that makes the treatment of uncomplicated UTI difficult. Methods: Clean catch midstream urine sample was collected from adults after providing instructions about the method of sample collection. Catheter specimen was collected in non-ambulatory patients. Collection of sample from urine bag was strictly avoided. The samples were transported at the earliest to the laboratory and subjected to processing as per the standard operative procedure for processing urine specimen. Microscopy, semi-quantitative culture of the colonies, species identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests of the organism(s) isolated were performed. Special reference to nitrofurantoin susceptibility was noted. Results: Out of the 50 samples collected from patients who reported with the symptoms of UTI, 78% exhibited growth while 22% showed no growth. E. coli was the most frequently isolated organism, followed by K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas species. Nitrofurantoin resistance was the highest in Acinetobacter sp. Conclusion: Nitrofurantoin drug is commonly prescribed in uncomplicated UTIs and is frequently used in the treatment of multi drug resistant infections. It is very important to identify urinary tract pathogens up to species level. This avoids prescription of Nitrofurantoin in cases where organisms with increasing resistance have been identified.

To compare the effect of the timing of Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage (PTGBD) intervention on the difficulty of elective Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was used to collect data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Clinical data of patients treated for acute cholestatic PTGBD between 2017 and 2022 was collected. Thirty cases were included in the early intervention group (≤2 days) and 36 cases in the late intervention group (>2 days). The reasons for tube placement, tube placement-related complications, surgical difficulty, and postoperative pathological findings were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age at admission or comorbidities. However, significant differences were observed in complications related to time (P=0.001), intraoperative blood loss (P=0.017), severe adhesions (P=0.001) and the conversion rate to open surgery (P=0.042). The Spearman's correlation coefficient between the interval time from onset and conversion was 0.25 (P=0.043). Conclusion: PTGBD performed within two days of symptom onset may reduce the difficulty of surgery. The conversion in performing LC after PTGBD in patients with acute cholecystitis is positively correlated with the time between performing PTGBD.