RGUHS Nat. J. Pub. Heal. Sci Vol: 14 Issue: 1 eISSN: pISSN
Anup S Desai, Muktachand L Rokade
*Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, KBN Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi **Consultant Radiologist, Jupiter Lifeline Hospitals, Thane, Maharashtra
Dr. Anup. S. Desai
Plot no.23, Shri Giri Nilaya,
Tank Band Road, Sharan Nagar,
Kalaburagi – 585103,Karnataka, India
e-mail : anupsd84@gmail.com
Abstract
Urinary stone is a common malady in clinical practice. Urinary stones can be silent/asymptomatic or can present with acute flank pain. Ureteric obstruction caused by stone can also lead to pyonephrosis and sepsis,necessitating urgent intervention. X-ray KUB (Kidney Ureter Bladder) is the standard first line of investigation. Renal or ureteric calculus is identified as radiopacity in the renal fossa, paravertebrally along the uretric course and at the level of ischial spine, indicative of vesico-ureteric calculus. Bladder stones are noted in the renal pelvis. Ultrasound is also commonly used for identifying the renal and ureteric calculi. The calculi are seen as hyperechoic foci having posterior acoustic shadowing. Ultrasound can also show the presence of hydronephrosis. CT is the standard modality for evaluation of calculi. It not only helps in locating the exact position of the calculus using multiplanar reconstructions but can also provide information about its hardness using mean HU. Mean HU values can be used for predicting successful fragmentation on Extra corporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL). Various treatment options are used for managing the urolithiasis. These depend upon the stone size and obstructive complications. The treatment options include conservative management with hydration and analgesics in cases of small calculi. The other treatment options include Lithotripsy, Ureteroscopic removal of small stones, percutaneous nephrolithotomy or retrograde intrarenal surgery.
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