Regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) has drawn a great deal of interest and is widely recognized because it preserve the function and endurance of teeth. Although, it is being performed routinely in immature teeth with perapical disease, the outcomes of the treatment remain unpredictable. Instead of producing fibrous connective tissue and amorphous mineral deposits, pulp-dentin regeneration should be the real benchmark of RET. Still, we have not yet achieved the benchmark of full innervation and vascularization of the generated tissue in root canal. The complete disinfection of root canal space and enhancing pulplike tissue regeneration are the main challenges which are faced with the current clinical protocol of RET. This article will address the key challenges and strategies that focus on realizing the goal of regenerative endodontic therapy.

With its roots in the information technology industry, artificial intelligence is a revolutionary force powered by complex software mechanisms that offer multiple advantages in a broad range of societal domains. Among these, its integration with the dental field in the healthcare industry has shown to be a significant success. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a multifaceted health technology instrument that is transforming healthcare by applying personalized, proactive, interactive and anticipatory methods. AI comprises various computing ideas, including neural networks, machine learning, and deep learning methods. AI presents a multitude of options for improving preoperative planning, intraoperative workflow, and postoperative patient outcomes in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). This review was conducted to analyse the present uses of AI in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and to equip surgeons with the necessary technical elements to comprehend the potential offered by this technology

The management of dental anxiety in pediatric patients presents a significant challenge, often stemming from the anticipation of pain during local anesthesia administration. Innovative solutions, such as camouflaged syringes, offer promising avenues for alleviating discomfort and fostering a positive dental experience. This study evaluates the efficacy of employing camouflaged metal cartridges and disposable syringes, including a playful alligator-shaped sleeve, in mitigating pain and anxiety during dental injections among 6 to 10-year-old children. Results demonstrate a substantial reduction in pain perception and anxiety levels among participants in the camouflaged syringe group compared to conventional methods, underscoring the importance of patient-centered approaches in pediatric dental care. Furthermore, the findings highlight a significant decrease in pulse rate post-treatment in both groups, with a more pronounced reduction observed in the camouflaged syringe cohort. These results align with contemporary theories emphasizing the interplay between psychological and physiological indicators of stress and the efficacy of distraction techniques in managing dental anxiety. While this study offers promising insights into the utility of camouflaged syringes, future research should focus on refining their design, exploring long-term effects, and understanding patient preferences to optimize their integration into routine clinical practice, thus advancing strategies for improving patient comfort and satisfaction in pediatric dental settings.

To evaluate the effect of wearing N95 face mask and visor on pulse and saturation of dentists over different time intervals. Materials and method: Baseline pulse and oxygen saturation level of healthy participantswere checked and recorded using pulse oximeter on the second finger of right hand. All were asked to wear N95 masks and Visor, and the mask position did not vary during the procedures (never below the nose). Pulse oximeter values were recorded at the end of every 30 minutes , for a total of 2 hrs. Result: The pulse and oxygen saturation values obtained were analyzed using paired T test. There was a drop in oxygen saturation seen after 60 minutes but it was not statistically significant. There was no significant change in pulse of dentists wearing N95 masks and visors over different time intervals. Conclusion: Wearing of N95 masks and visor does not have any significant change in pulse and oxygen saturation of dentists over different time intervals Key words:Cross-Infection, N95 mask, Oxygen saturation, Pulse oximeter, Visor

Background: Polymethyl methacrylate fails to meet mechanical requirements, particularly, fracture resistance which has led to reduced clinical longevity of the prosthesis. Aim: The aim was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance and patterns of fracture in unreinforced, glass & aramid fiber mesh reinforced maxillary complete dentures under dynamic fatigue loading. Methods: Forty-eight dentures were divided into three groups of 16 each. Unreinforced, Glass and Aramid fiber mesh-reinforced maxillary dentures were fabricated using heat polymerized polymethylmethacrylate. They were stored in artificial saliva for six months. Fatigue testing was performed using a chewing simulator with 100 N load for 2,40,000 cycles (corresponding to one year). Fracture resistance was evaluated using a Universal testing machine. Patterns of fracture were categorized as, complete, incomplete fracture (anterior & posterior fracture, anterior fracture, posterior fracture) and central deformation only (loaded area). Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey's test. Results: Aramid fibre mesh reinforced maxillary denture demonstrated the highest mean fracture resistance of 1561.82±198.49 N, followed by glass fibre mesh reinforced and unreinforced maxillary dentures with 1436.75±231.39 N & 1046.76±94.61 N, respectively. Unreinforced group showed complete fracture occurring in the midline, while the reinforced maxillary complete denture showed incomplete fracture. Conclusion: Glass and aramid fiber mesh reinforcement significantly increased the fracture resistance of dentures. Although not statistically significant, aramid-reinforced dentures exhibited the highest fracture resistance than glass fiber. All intact fractures were noted with reinforced dentures, facilitating easy repair. These findings may improve the longevity and durability of dentures.

This study aimed to ascertain the impact of charcoal toothpastes on the colour stability of resin composites loaded with nanoparticles.
Methods: In the A3 shade, 30 disc-shaped specimens were made utilizing a mold that was 8mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness. For both bulk-fill (Tetric-N-Ceram) as well as composite resin (Z250, Filtek Z250 XT), there were fifteen samples. Then, three sets of ten discs each were created from the samples. Three toothpastes—Healthvit activated charcoal, and Colgate total charcoal deep clean, Colgate total (control)—has been applied to these samples for brushing. A reflectance spectrophotometer has been utilized for examining colour stability. The data was statistically analysed using the Shapiro Wilks test, ANOVA, and paired t-test.
Results: Comparing the two toothpastes, Colgate Total Charcoal Deep Clean showed the biggest color shift groups, whereas Healthvit activated charcoal toothpaste showed the least colour change.
Conclusion: The resilience of resin composites' color was affected by the dentifrices utilised. Tetric N Ceram demonstrated decreased color stability both before and after exposure to dentifrices. In comparison to Healthvit activated charcoal toothpaste, Colgate charcoal toothpaste exhibited the lowest colour retention capacity.

Background and objectives: Soft liner materials, though being used widely as dynamic impression materials and also as adjuncts in prosthodontics for management of traumatized mucosa, have some physical and microbiological disadvantages. One such problem is colonization of denture surface by Candida albicans, thereby causing denture stomatitis. Purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the inhibitory efficacy of Acacia, Ocimum and Nystatin. Methodology: A total of 75 Specimens were prepared by adding Ocimum, Acacia, Nystatin in the increasing order of concentrations. 5ml of SDB was poured into each test tube and autoclaved. Broth was inoculated with a full loop of Candida albicans for 24 hours at 370C. Discs were placed in the test tube and incubated for 24 hours at room temperature. Broth was removed with a sterile pipette after incubation. Discs were rinsed with sterile water to remove unattached Candida albicans and sonicated in sterile water to remove surface organisms. attached Candida albicans were measured by inoculating on SDA. Results: Nystatin showed higher antifungal activity against Canida albicans compared to Acacia nilotica and Ocimum tenuiflorum and it was statistically significant. Acacia nilotica showed better antifungal activity than Ocimum tenuiflorum and it was statistically significant. The higher concentration of these agents exhibited better antifungal activity and the difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Nystatin showed the best inhibitory effect on Candida albicans followed by Acacia nilotica and Ocimum tenuiflorum. Inhibitory effect increased statistically on increasing the concentration of these additives.

To understand the perception and attitude of parents towards the importance of primary dentition and pulpectomy procedure. Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted through in-depth interviews with parents of pediatric patients aged 4-9 years requiring pulpectomy procedure. The parents who were willing and whose children underwent the pulpectomy procedure, as well as those who were unwilling, were interviewed in the local language through telephone or face-to-face interviews. The answers were recorded, transcribed and translated to English. The questionnaire used in the study assessed the parental knowledge and awareness about the importance of primary teeth and the pulpectomy treatment. Qualitative data were then analyzed using NVivo. Results: Parents in the unwilling group considered the primary tooth and pulpectomy procedure as insignificant since the tooth eventually exfoliates. Parents of children who underwent pulpectomy reported that pulpectomy and crown placement improved the chewing ability of their children. Conclusion: The importance of primary tooth and the need for pulpectomy was accepted by many parents, but lack of knowledge regarding the treatments advised for primary teeth still prevails among the parents

The most serious but rare iatrogenic outcome of exodontia is the extraction of the wrong tooth. The extracted/ avulsed tooth can be reimplanted back into the socket. The human body can repair and regenerate tissue, leading to the healing of the tooth and the periodontium. The following is a case report on the accidental extraction of the premolar and its immediate reimplantation, followed up for 6 months both clinically and radiographically.

Sialoliths, comprising 30% of all salivary gland diseases, can lead to excretory duct obstruction. Predominantly affecting the submaxillary gland (83 to 94%), followed by the parotid (4 to 10%) and sublingual glands (1 to 7%), these concretions have an average size ranging from 6 to 9 mm. We present a case of 34-year-old male presented with an extra-large sialolith in the right parotid duct. The diagnosis was confirmed through clinical examination, panoramic radiography (OPG), and CT scan. The treatment included intra oral sialolithotomy along with the administration of oral antibiotics and analgesics. Parotid gland calculi, typically unilateral and more prone to affect the duct than the gland itself, are less prevalent than subman- dibular calculi. The choice of treatment for sialoliths depends on factors such as size and location.